![]() ![]() residents and calls for representation and equal voting rights. This led to a sense of disenfranchisement among D.C. Prior to the amendment, residents of the District of Columbia were not able to vote in presidential elections, despite paying federal taxes and being subject to federal laws. residents were not represented in the electoral college, despite being under federal jurisdiction. It granted citizens of the District of Columbia the right to vote in presidential elections, as D.C. The Twenty-Third Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on March 29, 1961. Twenty-Third Amendment (1961)Īlthough not outlined in the Course Exam & Description, this is an important amendment you can use to back your claims in free-response questions. The movement gained momentum in the early 20th century, with the passage of the amendment being seen as a long-overdue step towards achieving equal rights for women. They were met with resistance and were often arrested and mistreated while trying to vote. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and others. The suffrage movement began in the mid-19th century, and it was led by women such as Susan B. This amendment was the result of decades of activism by suffragists who sought to secure the right to vote for women. It prohibited the federal government and state governments from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on August 18, 1920. The direct election of Senators was seen as a way to increase the responsiveness and accountability of the Senate to the people. The amendment was also a response to the perception that the state legislatures were corrupt, and that the Senate was not sufficiently representative of the people. Prior to the amendment, state legislatures had the power to elect senators, which led to concerns that state legislators would be more responsive to their own interests than those of their constituents. This change was driven by a desire for greater accountability and representation of the people in the federal government. It established the direct election of United States Senators by the people of each state, rather than their being elected by the state legislature as outlined in the original Constitution. ![]() The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on April 8, 1913. The Fifteenth Amendment was intended to ensure that Black men would have the same right to vote as white men. This amendment was a response to the widespread discrimination and disenfranchisement of Black citizens in the South following the Civil War. It prohibited the federal government and state governments from denying a man the right to vote based on his "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (i.e., whether they were formerly enslaved). The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on February 3, 1870. Over time, suffrage was granted to nearly all Americans through the passage of laws and various Constitutional amendments: Some accounts suggest that these represented just 3% of the population. Constitution was first adopted, only property-owning white men could vote. Literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, and white primaries were all used to limit the political power of black Americans by restricting them from voting. Many southern states took advantage of these powers to deliberately prevent former slaves from voting by passing laws that kept them from the polls. Unfortunately, this left many Americans-especially women, Black Americans, and immigrants-out of the political process. Per the Constitution, the individual states have the power to determine qualifications for voting and managing elections. ![]()
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